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From the Introduction: "Precision oncology offers a hugely exciting opportunity to personalise cancer treatments and prevention for the benefit of the individual but does present great challenges at present, both scientific and ethical." We now have the capacity to identify the abnormalities in genes and proteins that introduce the risk of individuals developing cancer and are responsible for the classical behaviour of a cancer. Having done this, healthcare teams are able to better diagnose cancer, evolve preventive strategies, and develop and deploy targeted cancer therapies. Precision oncology involves better prevention strategies and ensuring that therapeutic interventions can be concentrated on those who will benefit, reducing expense and sparing side effects for those who will not. This new educational resource provides an overview of the latest progress in developing precision oncology, plus a ground breaking collection of case studies ("Problems") showing precision oncology in practice. It includes a clear, readable summary of developments, alongside real-life case studies, providing a valuable update for all involved in the oncology community. The editors lead research and clinical teams at four UK centres of excellence in the field. Section One Perspectives

1. An Introduction to Precision Oncology, Ellen R. Copson, Peter Hall, Ruth E. Board, Gordon Cook, Peter Selby

2. Testicular Cancer: a Successful Model for Biomarker-Guided Precision Cancer Care, Johnathan Joffe

3. Cancer Susceptibility Genes, Ellen R. Copson, Diana M. Eccles

4. Tumour Biology and Somatic Genetics as They Underpin Precision Oncology, Nicolai J. Birkbak, Mariam Jamal-Hanjani, Charles Swanton

5. Pharmacogenomics, Emma Beddowes, Leila Dorling, Jean E. Abraham

6. Introducing Next Generation Sequencing into Routine Practice: the Benefits and Challenges, Angela Hamblin, Anna Schuh

7. An Introduction to Proteomics and the Discovery of New Renal Cancer Biomarkers, Naveen Vasudev, Alexandre Zougman, Rosamonde Banks, Peter Selby

8. Precision Medicine for Multiple Myeloma, Chris Parrish, Gordon Cook

9. Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma, Thomas Cummin, Andrew Davies, Peter W.M. Johnson

10. Stratified Medicine in the UK, Colin R. Lindsay, Emily Shaw, Peter W.M. Johnson

11. The Economic Challenge of Healthcare Provision in Precision Oncology, Christopher McCabe, Peter Hall

12. Clinical Trials in Precision Oncology, Jenny Seligmann, Michael Messenger, Matthew Seymour, Peter Selby

13. Developing Diagnostic Tests for Precision Oncology, Michael Messenger, Peter Hall, Bethany Shinkins, Sarah K. Byron, Catharine Sturgeon, Peter Selby

14. Use of Circulating Tumour-Derived Nucleic Acids in Precision Oncology, Charlotte Fribbens, Nicholas Turner

15. Ethical Issues in Precision Oncology/Cancer Genetics, Angela Fenwick, Anneke Lucassen



Section Two Case studies

1. A Breast Cancer Patient with a BRCA1 Mutation, M.H. Ruhe Chowdhury, Ellen R. Copson

2. A Patient with DNA Mismatch Repair-Deficient Colorectal Cancer, Adam P. Januszewski, Matthew Seymour, Ellen R. Copson

3. A Patient with Advanced Melanoma for Systemic Therapy with a BRAF Inhibitor, Samantha Turnbull, James Larkin

4. Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma with Activating EGFR Mutation, Leena Mukherjee, Clive Mulatero

5. A Patient with an Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour Tested for a KIT Mutation, with Important Drug–Drug Interactions, Stefan Symeonides, Michael Leahy

6. A Man with a Mediastinal Sarcoma Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy, Salma Naheed, Peter Simmonds

7. A Patient with Relapsed Myeloma and High-Risk Cytogenetics, Mohamed Ifraz Hamid, Matthew W. Jenner

8. A Young Man with High-Grade Orbital Lymphoma, Cathy Burton, Jonathan Carmichael

9. Li–Fraumeni Syndrome, Hayley S. McKenzie, Diana M. Eccles

10. Von Hippel–Lindau Disease and Renal Cancer, Rasheid Mekki, Peter Selby

11. A Breast Cancer Patient Tested with Oncotype DX, Yun Yi Tan, Sophie Barrett

12. A Patient with Ovarian Cancer for Whom Treatment Is Guided by Multiplatform Tumour Molecular Profiling, Elaine Dunwoodie, Christopher M. Jones, Geoff Hall

13. A Teenager with a Small-Round-Blue-Cell Tumour and a Diagnostic Translocation, Nicola Hughes, Dan Stark, Simone Wilkins, Bob Phillips

14. Treatment Based on Clinical Prognostic Factors and Molecular Profiling in Medulloblastoma, Julia Cockle, Susan Short

15. A Patient with Locally Advanced Human Papillomavirus-Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Joseph J. Sacco, Kapil Java, Andrew G. Schache

16. A Colorectal Cancer Patient, Colin Barrie, Lesley Dawson

17. A Patient with Advanced Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer and Poor Physical Fitness, Malcolm A. West, Timothy J. Underwood

18. A Patient with Localized Prostate Cancer, Sebastian Trainor, Naveen Vasudev, William Cross

19. A Patient with BRCA-Mutated Ovarian Cancer, Barbara Stanley, Charlie Gourley

20. High-Count T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia with Treatment Stratification Based on Minimal Residual Disease Response, Amy Mitchell, Juliet Gray

21. Application of Cancer Genomics to Routine Care, Janessa Laskin
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